The reliability and validity of the Finnish translation of the INSPIRE measure of staff support for personal recovery
Tolonen, Jonna; Miettunen, Jouko; Moilanen, Kristiina; Tölli, Sirpa; Karpov, Boris; Haapea, Marianne; Jääskeläinen, Erika; Kiviniemi, Liisa (2025-09-25)
Taylor & Francis
25.09.2025
Tolonen, J., Miettunen, J., Moilanen, K., Tölli, S., Karpov, B., Haapea, M., … Kiviniemi, L. (2025). The reliability and validity of the Finnish translation of the INSPIRE measure of staff support for personal recovery. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 79(7), 546–555. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2025.2549402
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
This is an Accepted Manuscript version of the following article, accepted for publication in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. Tolonen, J., Miettunen, J., Moilanen, K., Tölli, S., Karpov, B., Haapea, M., … Kiviniemi, L. (2025). The reliability and validity of the Finnish translation of the INSPIRE measure of staff support for personal recovery. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 79(7), 546–555. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2025.2549402. It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
This is an Accepted Manuscript version of the following article, accepted for publication in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. Tolonen, J., Miettunen, J., Moilanen, K., Tölli, S., Karpov, B., Haapea, M., … Kiviniemi, L. (2025). The reliability and validity of the Finnish translation of the INSPIRE measure of staff support for personal recovery. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 79(7), 546–555. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2025.2549402. It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202604302949
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202604302949
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Purpose:
Recovery orientation is a useful framework for mental health care. To advance the application of a recovery-oriented approach, psychometrically sound evaluation instruments are required. The INSPIRE measure, which includes the sub-scales of Support and Relationship, evaluates staff support for personal recovery. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Finnish translation of the INSPIRE measure.
Material and methods:
The data (N = 98) was gathered from service users of different mental health services. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis of the INSPIRE measure to examine the factorial validity and used Cronbach’s alpha to assess the internal consistency of the identified factors. We also calculated floor and ceiling effects to evaluate the measure’s sensitivity.
Results:
The results indicated that the five-factor model for the Support sub-scale, as outlined by the CHIME framework of personal recovery, was not supported by the data. Instead, factor analysis indicated a two-factor model for the Support sub-scale. For the Relationship sub-scale, the original one-factor model was supported, and internal consistency was found to be good. However, we detected a ceiling effect in the items of the INSPIRE measure, which may compromise its reliability.
Conclusion:
The original factor structure of the INSPIRE Support sub-scale could not be verified in the Finnish sample, although the internal consistency was satisfactory. The psychometric properties of the Finnish translation of the INSPIRE measure yielded mixed results, highlighting the need for further international studies to enhance the measure’s feasibility and reliability.
Purpose:
Recovery orientation is a useful framework for mental health care. To advance the application of a recovery-oriented approach, psychometrically sound evaluation instruments are required. The INSPIRE measure, which includes the sub-scales of Support and Relationship, evaluates staff support for personal recovery. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Finnish translation of the INSPIRE measure.
Material and methods:
The data (N = 98) was gathered from service users of different mental health services. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis of the INSPIRE measure to examine the factorial validity and used Cronbach’s alpha to assess the internal consistency of the identified factors. We also calculated floor and ceiling effects to evaluate the measure’s sensitivity.
Results:
The results indicated that the five-factor model for the Support sub-scale, as outlined by the CHIME framework of personal recovery, was not supported by the data. Instead, factor analysis indicated a two-factor model for the Support sub-scale. For the Relationship sub-scale, the original one-factor model was supported, and internal consistency was found to be good. However, we detected a ceiling effect in the items of the INSPIRE measure, which may compromise its reliability.
Conclusion:
The original factor structure of the INSPIRE Support sub-scale could not be verified in the Finnish sample, although the internal consistency was satisfactory. The psychometric properties of the Finnish translation of the INSPIRE measure yielded mixed results, highlighting the need for further international studies to enhance the measure’s feasibility and reliability.
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