Impact of Pointing Error on Coverage Performance of 3D Indoor Terahertz Communication Systems
Tang, Zhifeng; Yang, Nan; Zhou, Xiangyun; Durrani, Salman; Juntti, Markku; Jornet, Josep Miquel (2026-03-19)
IEEE
19.03.2026
Z. Tang, N. Yang, X. Zhou, S. Durrani, M. Juntti and J. M. Jornet, "Impact of Pointing Error on Coverage Performance of 3D Indoor Terahertz Communication Systems," GLOBECOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Global Communications Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, 2025, pp. 1651-1656, doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM59602.2025.11431729
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© 2026 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists,or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
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© 2026 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists,or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202604282808
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202604282808
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a tractable analytical framework for a three-dimensional (3D) indoor terahertz (THz) communication system to theoretically assess the impact of the pointing error on its coverage performance. Specifically, we model the locations of access points (APs) using a Poisson point process, human blockages as random cylinder processes, and wall blockages through a Boolean straight line process. A pointing error refers to beamforming gain and direction mismatch between the transmitter and receiver. We characterize it based on the inaccuracy of location estimate. We then analyze the impact of this pointing error on the received signal power and derive a tractable expression for the coverage probability, incorporating the multi-cluster fluctuating two-ray distribution to accurately model small-scale fading in THz communications. Aided by simulation results, we corroborate our analysis and demonstrate that the pointing error has a pronounced impact on the coverage probability. Specifically, we find that merely increasing the antenna array size is insufficient to improve the coverage probability and mitigate the detrimental impact of the pointing error, highlighting the necessity of advanced estimation techniques in THz communication systems.
In this paper, we develop a tractable analytical framework for a three-dimensional (3D) indoor terahertz (THz) communication system to theoretically assess the impact of the pointing error on its coverage performance. Specifically, we model the locations of access points (APs) using a Poisson point process, human blockages as random cylinder processes, and wall blockages through a Boolean straight line process. A pointing error refers to beamforming gain and direction mismatch between the transmitter and receiver. We characterize it based on the inaccuracy of location estimate. We then analyze the impact of this pointing error on the received signal power and derive a tractable expression for the coverage probability, incorporating the multi-cluster fluctuating two-ray distribution to accurately model small-scale fading in THz communications. Aided by simulation results, we corroborate our analysis and demonstrate that the pointing error has a pronounced impact on the coverage probability. Specifically, we find that merely increasing the antenna array size is insufficient to improve the coverage probability and mitigate the detrimental impact of the pointing error, highlighting the necessity of advanced estimation techniques in THz communication systems.
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