Vacuum-Formed Composites Based on a Polyolefin and a High Content of Biomass-Waste Fillers
Kallbom, Susanna K.; Kainulainen, Tuomo P.; Wei, Xin-Feng; Capezza, Antonio J.; Helgesson, Daniel; Olsson, Richard T.; Hedenqvist, Mikael S. (2025-06-10)
Kallbom, Susanna K.
Kainulainen, Tuomo P.
Wei, Xin-Feng
Capezza, Antonio J.
Helgesson, Daniel
Olsson, Richard T.
Hedenqvist, Mikael S.
Wiley-VCH Verlag
10.06.2025
Källbom, S.K., Kainulainen, T.P., Wei, X.-F., Capezza, A.J., Helgesson, D., Olsson, R.T. and Hedenqvist, M.S. (2025), Vacuum-Formed Composites Based on a Polyolefin and a High Content of Biomass-Waste Fillers. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2500334. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500334
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Engineering Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Engineering Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506164464
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506164464
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
A strategy to increase the biobased content and use of side-streams in plastic materials is to mix in biobased fillers available as inexpensive by-products. In line with this, herein, results on a polyolefin polymer with added wood powder (with or without a thermal treatment) and oat husk are presented, to make vacuum-formed products. The composite material is compounded, with or without a coupling agent, and then compression molded into sheets that are subsequently vacuum-formed. Despite a large content of fillers, the surface finish is in general smooth and uniform. The presence of filler increased, in general, the stiffness, and the use of the coupling agent is beneficial for the mechanical properties. The ductility and toughness, decreased in the presence of fillers, but the strain at break remained always larger than 10%. The fillers are all more hygroscopic than the polyolefin, which led to an increase in water uptake in the composites when immersed in water. The largest uptake, but still below 3.5% after 5 weeks, is observed for the material with oat husk. The results are overall promising, and open up for the use of biocomposites derived from industrial side-stream biofillers in vacuum-formed products.
A strategy to increase the biobased content and use of side-streams in plastic materials is to mix in biobased fillers available as inexpensive by-products. In line with this, herein, results on a polyolefin polymer with added wood powder (with or without a thermal treatment) and oat husk are presented, to make vacuum-formed products. The composite material is compounded, with or without a coupling agent, and then compression molded into sheets that are subsequently vacuum-formed. Despite a large content of fillers, the surface finish is in general smooth and uniform. The presence of filler increased, in general, the stiffness, and the use of the coupling agent is beneficial for the mechanical properties. The ductility and toughness, decreased in the presence of fillers, but the strain at break remained always larger than 10%. The fillers are all more hygroscopic than the polyolefin, which led to an increase in water uptake in the composites when immersed in water. The largest uptake, but still below 3.5% after 5 weeks, is observed for the material with oat husk. The results are overall promising, and open up for the use of biocomposites derived from industrial side-stream biofillers in vacuum-formed products.
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