β-Cell Function and Glucose Tolerance in Persons With Multiple Islet Autoantibodies Randomized to a Gluten-free Diet
Maziarz, Marlena; Koskenniemi, Jaakko J; Martinez, Maria Månsson; Spiliopoulos, Lampros; Salami, Falastin; Toppari, Jorma; Kero, Jukka; Veijola, Riitta; Tossavainen, Päivi; Palmu, Sauli; Aronsson, Carin Andrén; Lundgren, Markus; Borg, Henrik; Katsarou, Anastasia; Elding Larsson, Helena; Knip, Mikael; Lou, Olivia; Dunne, Jessica L; Törn, Carina; Lernmark, Åke (2025-05-07)
Oxford University Press
07.05.2025
Maziarz, M., Koskenniemi, J. J., Martinez, M. M., Spiliopoulos, L., Salami, F., Toppari, J., Kero, J., Veijola, R., Tossavainen, P., Palmu, S., Aronsson, C. A., Lundgren, M., Borg, H., Katsarou, A., Elding Larsson, H., Knip, M., Lou, O., Dunne, J. L., Törn, C., & Lernmark, Å. (2025). Β-cell function and glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies randomized to a gluten-free diet. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 9(8), bvaf073. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaf073
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. See the journal About page for additional terms.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. See the journal About page for additional terms.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506124357
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506124357
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Purpose:
A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on β-cell function and glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies.
Methods:
Individuals (n = 59; median age 11 years) with multiple islet autoantibodies were recruited to a randomized clinical trial between April 2016 and April 2021. The participants were randomized to a GFD (n = 30; female n = 14) or a normal diet (ND) (n = 29; female n = 16). The study was conducted at 6 clinical research centers in Finland and Sweden, with a dietary intervention for 17 months followed by a 6-month washout on a ND. The primary outcomes were (1) the proportion of participants going from normal glucose tolerance at the time of the randomization to abnormal glucose tolerance by 18 months, (2) a change in first-phase insulin response in IV glucose tolerance tests between randomization and 18 months, and (3) a change in C-peptide area under the curve in oral glucose tolerance test between randomization and 18 months.
Results:
We did not find differences between participants randomized to GFD and ND in any of the glucose tolerance outcomes. No serious adverse events or adverse events related to a GFD were noted.
Conclusion:
Being on a GFD was not found to differ from being on a ND in preserving β-cell function or maintaining normal glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies.
Purpose:
A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on β-cell function and glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies.
Methods:
Individuals (n = 59; median age 11 years) with multiple islet autoantibodies were recruited to a randomized clinical trial between April 2016 and April 2021. The participants were randomized to a GFD (n = 30; female n = 14) or a normal diet (ND) (n = 29; female n = 16). The study was conducted at 6 clinical research centers in Finland and Sweden, with a dietary intervention for 17 months followed by a 6-month washout on a ND. The primary outcomes were (1) the proportion of participants going from normal glucose tolerance at the time of the randomization to abnormal glucose tolerance by 18 months, (2) a change in first-phase insulin response in IV glucose tolerance tests between randomization and 18 months, and (3) a change in C-peptide area under the curve in oral glucose tolerance test between randomization and 18 months.
Results:
We did not find differences between participants randomized to GFD and ND in any of the glucose tolerance outcomes. No serious adverse events or adverse events related to a GFD were noted.
Conclusion:
Being on a GFD was not found to differ from being on a ND in preserving β-cell function or maintaining normal glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies.
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