Higher hemoglobin levels are associated with adverse heart rate variability in a middle-aged birth cohort
Sakko, Samuli; Tulppo, Mikko P; Koivunen, Peppi; Tapio, Joona (2025-06-06)
John Wiley & Sons
06.06.2025
Sakko S, Tulppo MP, Koivunen P, Tapio J. Higher hemoglobin levels are associated with adverse heart rate variability in a middle-aged birth cohort. Physiol Rep. 2025 Jun;13(11):e70406. doi: 10.14814/phy2.70406. PMID: 40474778; PMCID: PMC12141927
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2025 The Author(s). Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2025 The Author(s). Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506094237
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506094237
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Abstract
High hemoglobin (Hb) levels within normal variation range are considered beneficial. However, lower Hb levels within normal variation range are associated with healthier cardiovascular traits. Heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are dysregulated in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We have shown in a hypertensive cohort that higher Hb levels are associated with impaired HRV and BRS. As CVDs are exacerbated by aging, conditions like hypertension and factors such as smoking, further studies on the association of Hb levels and HRV and BRS on younger and healthier populations are required for the generalization of these associations. The aims were to cross‐sectionally study the association of Hb levels with HRV and BRS in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) at 46 years (n = 5342) and to evaluate confounding factors, such as smoking, on these associations. Higher Hb levels within normal variation range were associated with adverse time‐domain measures, including elevated heart rate (HR). Hb levels were negatively associated with high‐frequency (HF) power and positively with the low frequency (LF) to HF ratio (LF/HF). These associations were influenced by sex, metabolic parameters, and smoking but were observed regardless of these factors. For BRS, adjusting for metabolic covariates nullified the association with Hb levels.
High hemoglobin (Hb) levels within normal variation range are considered beneficial. However, lower Hb levels within normal variation range are associated with healthier cardiovascular traits. Heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are dysregulated in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We have shown in a hypertensive cohort that higher Hb levels are associated with impaired HRV and BRS. As CVDs are exacerbated by aging, conditions like hypertension and factors such as smoking, further studies on the association of Hb levels and HRV and BRS on younger and healthier populations are required for the generalization of these associations. The aims were to cross‐sectionally study the association of Hb levels with HRV and BRS in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) at 46 years (n = 5342) and to evaluate confounding factors, such as smoking, on these associations. Higher Hb levels within normal variation range were associated with adverse time‐domain measures, including elevated heart rate (HR). Hb levels were negatively associated with high‐frequency (HF) power and positively with the low frequency (LF) to HF ratio (LF/HF). These associations were influenced by sex, metabolic parameters, and smoking but were observed regardless of these factors. For BRS, adjusting for metabolic covariates nullified the association with Hb levels.
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