Education against extremism : examining the role of education in preventing far-right radicalization

Abstract

In recent years, political extremism and polarization have posed a significant threat to social cohesion and public safety. The rise of right-wing ideology has been noticeable across western societies. This literature review explores the role of education in preventing political radicalization, with a specific focus on far-right extremism among youth. Drawing from recent peer-reviewed research, the thesis examines the psychological, social, and political factors contributing to radicalization, including marginalization, identity crises, social media influence, and declining trust in political institutions.

The research analyzes educational approaches such as civic education, media literacy and critical thinking skills, and social and emotional learning (SEL), which aim to build resilience, empathy, and democratic engagement among students. It also considers the implications of national and international PVE (Preventing Violent Extremism) and CVE (Countering Vio-lent Extremism) frameworks.

The findings suggest that while education cannot address all root causes of extremism, it holds transformative potential when implemented comprehensively and inclusively. Effective prevention requires not only pedagogical tools but also systemic support and sufficient teacher training.

Future research should focus on evidence-based research on the long-term impacts of educational interventions and address the gendered dynamics of radicalization, particularly among young men.