Oxidation of Carbon Steels in Novel Reheating Conditions: Changes to Oxidation Kinetics
Haapakangas, Juho; Airaksinen, Susanna; Heikkinen, Eetu-Pekka; Fabritius, Timo (2025-05-29)
Springer
29.05.2025
Haapakangas, J., Airaksinen, S., Heikkinen, EP. et al. Oxidation of Carbon Steels in Novel Reheating Conditions: Changes to Oxidation Kinetics. Metall Mater Trans B (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-025-03588-7
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506034119
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506034119
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
The worldwide commitment to large-scale CO2 reductions is forcing steel producers to find improvements to reheating processes for steel slabs. In this study, three practices with potential to lower the carbon footprint of reheating process for steel slabs were studied: use of hydrogen as fuel gas, replacement of air with pure oxygen (oxy–fuel), and electrical heating. The oxidation behavior of steel in these conditions was simulated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at high temperatures (up to 1250 °C). Four carbon steel grades, seven different gas atmospheres, and two dynamic heating profiles were included in the test matrix. When compared to the standard reheating practice using natural gas–air, scale formation increased moderately in hydrogen–air and significantly in oxy–fuel gas atmospheres but decreased in the case of simulated electrical heating. With simulated oxy-fuel combustion, no meaningful difference was found between H2 and a 50:50 CH4–H2 mix in terms of oxidation kinetics. A reduction of the free oxygen content from 2.5 to 1.0 pct was more effective at reducing overall oxidation in the case of CH4–air compared to H2–oxy–fuel.
The worldwide commitment to large-scale CO2 reductions is forcing steel producers to find improvements to reheating processes for steel slabs. In this study, three practices with potential to lower the carbon footprint of reheating process for steel slabs were studied: use of hydrogen as fuel gas, replacement of air with pure oxygen (oxy–fuel), and electrical heating. The oxidation behavior of steel in these conditions was simulated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at high temperatures (up to 1250 °C). Four carbon steel grades, seven different gas atmospheres, and two dynamic heating profiles were included in the test matrix. When compared to the standard reheating practice using natural gas–air, scale formation increased moderately in hydrogen–air and significantly in oxy–fuel gas atmospheres but decreased in the case of simulated electrical heating. With simulated oxy-fuel combustion, no meaningful difference was found between H2 and a 50:50 CH4–H2 mix in terms of oxidation kinetics. A reduction of the free oxygen content from 2.5 to 1.0 pct was more effective at reducing overall oxidation in the case of CH4–air compared to H2–oxy–fuel.
Kokoelmat
- Avoin saatavuus [38618]
Ellei muuten mainita, aineiston lisenssi on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/