Local nutrient addition drives plant diversity losses but not biotic homogenization in global grasslands
Chen, Qingqing; Blowes, Shane A; Harpole, W Stanley; Ladouceur, Emma; Borer, Elizabeth T; MacDougall, Andrew; Martina, Jason P; Bakker, Jonathan D; Tognetti, Pedro M; Seabloom, Eric W; Daleo, Pedro; Power, Sally; Roscher, Christiane; Adler, Peter B; Donohue, Ian; Wheeler, George; Stevens, Carly; Veen, G F Ciska; Risch, Anita C; Wardle, Glenda M; Hautier, Yann; Estrada, Catalina; Hersch-Green, Erika; Niu, Yujie; Peri, Pablo L; Eskelinen, Anu; Gruner, Daniel S; Olde Venterink, Harry; D'Antonio, Carla; Cadotte, Marc W; Haider, Sylvia; Eisenhauer, Nico; Catford, Jane; Virtanen, Risto; Morgan, John W; Tedder, Michelle; Bagchi, Sumanta; Caldeira, Maria C; Bugalho, Miguel N; Knops, Johannes M H; Dickman, Chris R; Hagenah, Nicole; Jentsch, Anke; Macek, Petr; Osborne, Brooke B; Laanisto, Lauri; Chase, Jonathan M (2025-05-27)
Springer
27.05.2025
Chen, Q., Blowes, S.A., Harpole, W.S. et al. Local nutrient addition drives plant diversity losses but not biotic homogenization in global grasslands. Nat Commun 16, 4903 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59166-7
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© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506034103
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506034103
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment typically causes local plant diversity declines. A common but untested expectation is that nutrient enrichment also reduces variation in nutrient conditions among localities and selects for a smaller pool of species, causing greater diversity declines at larger than local scales and thus biotic homogenization. Here we apply a framework that links changes in species richness across scales to changes in the numbers of spatially restricted and widespread species for a standardized nutrient addition experiment across 72 grasslands on six continents. Overall, we find proportionally similar species loss at local and larger scales, suggesting similar declines of spatially restricted and widespread species, and no biotic homogenization after 4 years and up to 14 years of treatment. These patterns of diversity changes are generally consistent across species groups. Thus, nutrient enrichment poses threats to plant diversity, including for widespread species that are often critical for ecosystem functions.
Nutrient enrichment typically causes local plant diversity declines. A common but untested expectation is that nutrient enrichment also reduces variation in nutrient conditions among localities and selects for a smaller pool of species, causing greater diversity declines at larger than local scales and thus biotic homogenization. Here we apply a framework that links changes in species richness across scales to changes in the numbers of spatially restricted and widespread species for a standardized nutrient addition experiment across 72 grasslands on six continents. Overall, we find proportionally similar species loss at local and larger scales, suggesting similar declines of spatially restricted and widespread species, and no biotic homogenization after 4 years and up to 14 years of treatment. These patterns of diversity changes are generally consistent across species groups. Thus, nutrient enrichment poses threats to plant diversity, including for widespread species that are often critical for ecosystem functions.
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