Layer-by-layer coating strategy to functionalize the magnetic nanoparticles for their multi-functionalization
Liu, Jing; Chen, Ye; Huang, Hongjie; Chen, Feixiong (2025-03-02)
Springer
02.03.2025
Liu, J., Chen, Y., Huang, H. et al. Layer-by-layer coating strategy to functionalize the magnetic nanoparticles for their multi-functionalization. Discover Nano 20, 74 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04250-6.
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© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202505053075
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202505053075
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) hold significant potential for a wide range of applications, however, surface modification or bio-conjugation of MNPs often leads to their aggregation and instability. To address this, we proposed a facile method using a layer-by-layer (LbL) coating technique with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) sodium salt (PSS), so as to maintain the dispersion stability and functionality of MNPs. This method enabled us to develop the powerful MNPs towards to their use in the electrochemical biosensor, by combining both the redox probes (ferrocene (Fc), anthraquinone (AQ), or monocarboxymethylene blue (MB)) and bio-probes (IgG). The redox molecules were effectively anchored to the MNPs under the organic solvents, while such functionalized MNPs surface were subsequently protected by the LbL coating process prior to dispersing in high ionic strength solutions (e.g. Phosphate-buffered saline). And the out-layer of polyelectrolyte shell allowed biomolecules to attach to the MNP surface without chemical cross-linking. Our results demonstrated that the TEM size of MNPs@Fc, MNP@AQ and MNP@MB after LbL coating were characterized as 11.0 ± 2.0 nm, 10.5 ± 2.1 nm and 12.4 ± 2.2 nm and these developed redox MNPs of MNPs@Fc, MNPs@AQ and MNPs@MB were characterized by square wave voltammetry (SWV) with their redox intensity of 0.64 ± 0.10 µA, 23.25 ± 0.73 µA and 0.48 ± 0.13 µA, respectively. In addition, the binding efficiency of adsorption between the MNPs and IgG was up to 78%, evidenced by SDS-PAGE gel analysis. This facile method offered a versatile and effective way to functionalize MNPs, combining redox and biological properties for potential applications in disease diagnosis and point-of-care diagnostics.
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) hold significant potential for a wide range of applications, however, surface modification or bio-conjugation of MNPs often leads to their aggregation and instability. To address this, we proposed a facile method using a layer-by-layer (LbL) coating technique with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) sodium salt (PSS), so as to maintain the dispersion stability and functionality of MNPs. This method enabled us to develop the powerful MNPs towards to their use in the electrochemical biosensor, by combining both the redox probes (ferrocene (Fc), anthraquinone (AQ), or monocarboxymethylene blue (MB)) and bio-probes (IgG). The redox molecules were effectively anchored to the MNPs under the organic solvents, while such functionalized MNPs surface were subsequently protected by the LbL coating process prior to dispersing in high ionic strength solutions (e.g. Phosphate-buffered saline). And the out-layer of polyelectrolyte shell allowed biomolecules to attach to the MNP surface without chemical cross-linking. Our results demonstrated that the TEM size of MNPs@Fc, MNP@AQ and MNP@MB after LbL coating were characterized as 11.0 ± 2.0 nm, 10.5 ± 2.1 nm and 12.4 ± 2.2 nm and these developed redox MNPs of MNPs@Fc, MNPs@AQ and MNPs@MB were characterized by square wave voltammetry (SWV) with their redox intensity of 0.64 ± 0.10 µA, 23.25 ± 0.73 µA and 0.48 ± 0.13 µA, respectively. In addition, the binding efficiency of adsorption between the MNPs and IgG was up to 78%, evidenced by SDS-PAGE gel analysis. This facile method offered a versatile and effective way to functionalize MNPs, combining redox and biological properties for potential applications in disease diagnosis and point-of-care diagnostics.
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