Hyperandrogenaemia, PCOS, and Physical Fitness in Women - A Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study
Tuorila, Katri; Pesonen, Emilia; Ollila, Meri-Maija; Hurskainen, Elisa; Nurkkala, Marjukka; Korpelainen, Raija; Niemelä, Maisa; Morin-Papunen, Laure; Piltonen, Terhi T (2025-04-16)
Oxford University Press
16.04.2025
Katri Tuorila, Emilia Pesonen, Meri-Maija Ollila, Elisa Hurskainen, Marjukka Nurkkala, Raija Korpelainen, Maisa Niemelä, Laure Morin-Papunen, Terhi T Piltonen, Hyperandrogenaemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, and physical fitness in women—a Northern Finland birth cohort study, European Journal of Endocrinology, Volume 192, Issue 5, May 2025, Pages 519–528, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvaf080
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Endocrinology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Endocrinology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202504232855
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202504232855
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Objective:
To investigate the independent associations of hyperandrogenaemia (HA) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with physical fitness in women among the general population.
Design:
A population-based birth cohort study including 5889 women.
Methods:
Longitudinal associations of serum testosterone (T), free androgen index (FAI), and PCOS with cardiorespiratory fitness (measured by heart rate after a submaximal exercise test) and grip strength over the 31 to 46 years of age timespan were examined using multivariable linear mixed models adjusted for time, body mass index, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, physical activity and smoking. The results are reported as regression coefficients (β) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals [95%CI].
Results:
The third and fourth T and FAI quartiles associated positively with higher heart rate after the submaximal exercise test in multivariable models indicating poorer cardiorespiratory fitness compared to women in Q1 of T and FAI (Q3: β of T=1.58 [95% CI: 0.21–2.96], β of FAI=1.97 [0.54–3.39]; Q4: β of T=1.88 [0.46–3.30], β of FAI=2.70 [1.15–4.25]). The second, third and fourth quartiles of FAI associated with higher grip strength in multivariable models compared to women in Q1 (Q2:β=0.59 [0.04–1.14], Q3:β=0.74 [0.16–1.30], Q4:β=0.68 [0.06–1.27]). Excluding women with PCOS did not alter these results, while PCOS itself was not associated with cardiorespiratory fitness or grip strength.
Conclusion:
Hyperandrogenaemia in premenopausal women was associated with poorer cardiorespiratory fitness but better grip strength, independently of PCOS, which suggests that hyperandrogenaemia, rather than PCOS, has an independent and complex association with physical fitness in premenopausal women.
Objective:
To investigate the independent associations of hyperandrogenaemia (HA) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with physical fitness in women among the general population.
Design:
A population-based birth cohort study including 5889 women.
Methods:
Longitudinal associations of serum testosterone (T), free androgen index (FAI), and PCOS with cardiorespiratory fitness (measured by heart rate after a submaximal exercise test) and grip strength over the 31 to 46 years of age timespan were examined using multivariable linear mixed models adjusted for time, body mass index, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, physical activity and smoking. The results are reported as regression coefficients (β) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals [95%CI].
Results:
The third and fourth T and FAI quartiles associated positively with higher heart rate after the submaximal exercise test in multivariable models indicating poorer cardiorespiratory fitness compared to women in Q1 of T and FAI (Q3: β of T=1.58 [95% CI: 0.21–2.96], β of FAI=1.97 [0.54–3.39]; Q4: β of T=1.88 [0.46–3.30], β of FAI=2.70 [1.15–4.25]). The second, third and fourth quartiles of FAI associated with higher grip strength in multivariable models compared to women in Q1 (Q2:β=0.59 [0.04–1.14], Q3:β=0.74 [0.16–1.30], Q4:β=0.68 [0.06–1.27]). Excluding women with PCOS did not alter these results, while PCOS itself was not associated with cardiorespiratory fitness or grip strength.
Conclusion:
Hyperandrogenaemia in premenopausal women was associated with poorer cardiorespiratory fitness but better grip strength, independently of PCOS, which suggests that hyperandrogenaemia, rather than PCOS, has an independent and complex association with physical fitness in premenopausal women.
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