Digital components and interaction types in counseling interventions for childhood and adolescent obesity: A systematic review

Abstract

Abstract

Objectives: Childhood and adolescent obesity are an increasing global health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital components and interaction types in counseling interventions for prevention and treatment.

Methods: All studies were searched in online databases and grey literature, including PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR), MedNar, EBSCO Open Dissertations. The search period is from inception to June 2023, and the languages are Finnish, English and Swedish. The research quality was evaluated using the web-based data management system Covidence for prevalence studies. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021247595).

Results: In this review, 4,407 studies were screened, and 22 were included. These involved 3,433 participants and 264 child-parent pairs. The digital approaches included multicomponent elements like internet platforms, text messaging, video conferencing, online communities, wearable technology, and mobile apps, allowing one-way, two-way, and face-to-face interactions. Two studies showed statistically significant effects of treatment on BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. Most interventions reported positive outcomes, with no significant differences between groups, and none showed null effects during follow-up.

Conclusions: Digital multicomponents like mobile apps and wearables can help obese children and adolescents adopt healthier lifestyles. While these interventions show promise for obesity management, further research is needed to assess their effectiveness, particularly regarding nurses’ perspectives.