Revised Dingo Optimization Algorithm for Frequency Offset Design in FDA‐MIMO Radar
Zhang, Yimeng; Li, Wenxing; Yang, Bin; Dong, Kai (2025-03-06)
John Wiley & Sons
06.03.2025
Zhang, Y., Li, W., Yang, B. and Dong, K. (2025), Revised Dingo Optimization Algorithm for Frequency Offset Design in FDA-MIMO Radar. Electron. Lett., 61: e70199. https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70199.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2025 The Author(s). Electronics Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2025 The Author(s). Electronics Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202503212141
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202503212141
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
The conventional frequency diverse array (FDA) system, using linear frequency offsets, generates periodic grating lobes and coupling effects, which may increase interference for potential users and difficulty in controlling parameters. To mitigate these issues and generate a dot-shaped beampattern, nonlinear frequency offsets are introduced to break periodicity and decouple the interdependence of parameters in the range and angle dimensions. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal nonlinear frequency offsets, we propose an algorithm based on the FDA multiple-input multiple-output (FDA-MIMO) structure that integrates the revised dingo optimization algorithm (RDOA) with a Kaiser window function (referred to as the RDOAK algorithm). Specifically, the RDOA is used to optimize the nonlinear frequency offset coefficients, while the Kaiser window function is applied to adjust the waveform. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed RDOAK approach in preventing the mainlobe shift of the beampattern, eliminating grating lobes, suppressing jammings, and achieving a narrower mainlobe width in the range dimension compared to other widely used algorithms.
The conventional frequency diverse array (FDA) system, using linear frequency offsets, generates periodic grating lobes and coupling effects, which may increase interference for potential users and difficulty in controlling parameters. To mitigate these issues and generate a dot-shaped beampattern, nonlinear frequency offsets are introduced to break periodicity and decouple the interdependence of parameters in the range and angle dimensions. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal nonlinear frequency offsets, we propose an algorithm based on the FDA multiple-input multiple-output (FDA-MIMO) structure that integrates the revised dingo optimization algorithm (RDOA) with a Kaiser window function (referred to as the RDOAK algorithm). Specifically, the RDOA is used to optimize the nonlinear frequency offset coefficients, while the Kaiser window function is applied to adjust the waveform. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed RDOAK approach in preventing the mainlobe shift of the beampattern, eliminating grating lobes, suppressing jammings, and achieving a narrower mainlobe width in the range dimension compared to other widely used algorithms.
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