Age of tobacco smoking initiation among Iranian adults based on National and Subnational data from the 2021 STEPS survey : Short title: Tobacco Smoking Onset Age in Iran

Pourabhari Langroudi, Ashkan; Farzi, Yosef; Almasi, Golaleh; Shokri Varniab, Zahra; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Rezaei, Negar; Golestani, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Rezaei, Nazila; Ghasemi, Erfan; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Nasserinejad, Maryam; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Kazemi, Ameneh; Yoosefi, Moein; Foroutan Mehr, Elmira; Haghshenas, Rosa; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Hajebi, Amirali; Mohammadi Fateh, Sahar; Moghimi, Mana; Momen Nia Rankohi, Azadeh; Afsari, Massomeh; Djalalinia, Shirin; Farzadfar, Farshad (2025-03-12)
 
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86675-8

Pourabhari Langroudi, Ashkan
Farzi, Yosef
Almasi, Golaleh
Shokri Varniab, Zahra
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Rezaei, Negar
Golestani, Ali
Ahmadi, Naser
Rezaei, Nazila
Ghasemi, Erfan
Azadnajafabad, Sina
Nasserinejad, Maryam
Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi
Kazemi, Ameneh
Yoosefi, Moein
Foroutan Mehr, Elmira
Haghshenas, Rosa
Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi
Hajebi, Amirali
Mohammadi Fateh, Sahar
Moghimi, Mana
Momen Nia Rankohi, Azadeh
Afsari, Massomeh
Djalalinia, Shirin
Farzadfar, Farshad
Springer
12.03.2025

Pourabhari Langroudi, A., Farzi, Y., Almasi, G. et al. Age of tobacco smoking initiation among Iranian adults based on National and Subnational data from the 2021 STEPS survey. Sci Rep 15, 8504 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86675-8.

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doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86675-8
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202503142028
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Abstract

Tobacco smoking is a significant global public health challenge, responsible for 8 million deaths annually. This study aimed to analyze the age of smoking initiation and its sociodemographic determinants among Iranian adults, based on data from the 2021 STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey, to inform targeted public health interventions. The analysis of 27,874 adults revealed that the average initiation ages for cigarette and hookah smoking were 22.2 years and 24.9 years, respectively. Men typically began smoking earlier than women, with average ages of 21.9 years for males and 27.7 years for females. No significant differences were observed in smoking initiation ages between rural and urban areas. Education level and marital status were also influential, with the youngest initiators having 7–12 years of education and being single. This study highlights the significant roles of gender, education, and urban-rural differences in smoking initiation in Iran. The findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies conforming to the WHO’s MPOWER initiatives and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Increased investment in public health, focusing on education and preventive measures, is crucial to reduce early smoking initiation and its associated health risks, ultimately supporting broader health policy goals.
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