‘Symbolically Overloaded’ Burials: Early Fourth-Millennium bc Hunter-Fisher-Gatherer Mortuary Practices from North-Eastern Europe
Ahola, Marja; Macāne, Aija; Nordqvist, Kerkko (2025-01-22)
Ahola, Marja
Macāne, Aija
Nordqvist, Kerkko
Cambridge University Press
22.01.2025
Ahola, M., Macāne, A., & Nordqvist, K. (2025). ‘Symbolically Overloaded’ Burials: Early Fourth-Millennium bc Hunter-Fisher-Gatherer Mortuary Practices from North-Eastern Europe. European Journal of Archaeology, 1–19. doi:10.1017/eaa.2024.54
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Association of Archaeologists. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Association of Archaeologists. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202501231319
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202501231319
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
At the beginning of the fourth millennium bc, the Typical Comb Ware culture (TCW) emerged in north-eastern Europe. One of its characteristics is a wealth of ‘amber’ or ‘ochre’ graves and mortuary practices. This article concerns the graves’ key elements, their distribution and frequency, and their relationship to the TCW phenomenon. The analysis of seventy-seven graves from twenty-three sites suggests that TCW graves are a materialization of a complex set of practices in which visual aspects (colours, contrasts, and combinations of materials) and performance play significant roles. Given the small number and distribution of graves, these practices were reserved for particular people and/or occasions, and the tradition only lasted for a few centuries. Interpreted from the perspective of identity production and sociocultural networks, these graves and associated practices are defined as ‘symbolically overloaded’, with buried bodies and activities intended to be seen. La culture de la céramique au peigne typique (‘Typical Comb Ware’ ou TCW) émergea dans le nord-est de l'Europe au début du IVe millénaire av. J.-C. Elle se distingue, entre autres aspects, par de nombreuses pratiques funéraires et sépultures contenant de l'ambre et de l'ocre. Cet article concerne les traits essentiels, la distribution, la fréquence et les rapports que ces pratiques funéraires entretenaient avec le phénomène TCW. L'analyse de soixante-dix-sept sépultures provenant de vingt-trois sites indique que les sépultures TCW représentent une matérialisation d'un ensemble complexe de pratiques dans lesquelles les aspects visuels (couleurs, contrastes et combinaisons de divers matériaux) et performatifs jouaient un rôle important. Le nombre restreint de ces sépultures et leur distribution démontrent qu'elles étaient réservées à certaines personnes et/ou occasions, et que la tradition n'a perduré que pendant quelques siècles. Vu sous l'angle de la création de l'identité et des réseaux socioculturels, les auteurs définissent les sépultures TCW et les pratiques connexes comme « symboliquement surchargées », c'est-à-dire que les dépouilles des défunts et les activités associées étaient destinées à être vues. Translation by Madeleine Hummler Am Anfang des 4. Jahrtausends v. Chr. erschien die typische kammkeramische (Typical Comb Ware, TCW) Kultur in Nordosteuropa. Eine der Charakteristiken dieser Kultur ist eine Vielzahl von ‚Bernstein-‘ und ‚Ocker-Gräber‘ und dazugehörende Grabsitten. Die Hauptelemente dieser Gräber, ihre Verteilung, Häufigkeit und Verhältnis zur typischen kammkeramischen Kultur werden in diesem Artikel behandelt. Die Analyse von siebenundsiebzig Gräber aus dreiundzwanzig Stätten zeigt, dass die TCW-Gräber eine Materialisierung einer komplexen Anzahl von Bräuchen ist, wo die Sichtbarkeit (von Farben, Kontrast und Materialkombinationen) und die Vorstellung eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Angesichts der geringen Zahl und Verbreitung der TCW-Gräber, waren diese Grabsitten wahrscheinlich für bestimmte Personen und/oder Angelegenheiten reserviert; dazu dauerte die Tradition nur wenige Jahrhunderte. Aus der Sicht der Identitätsbildung und Erschaffung von sozio-kulturellen Netzwerken werden diese Gräber und dazugehörenden Sitten als ‚symbolisch überlastet‘ betrachtet, indem die Leichen und die damit verbundenen Aktivitäten sichtbar sein sollten. Translation by Madeleine Hummler
At the beginning of the fourth millennium bc, the Typical Comb Ware culture (TCW) emerged in north-eastern Europe. One of its characteristics is a wealth of ‘amber’ or ‘ochre’ graves and mortuary practices. This article concerns the graves’ key elements, their distribution and frequency, and their relationship to the TCW phenomenon. The analysis of seventy-seven graves from twenty-three sites suggests that TCW graves are a materialization of a complex set of practices in which visual aspects (colours, contrasts, and combinations of materials) and performance play significant roles. Given the small number and distribution of graves, these practices were reserved for particular people and/or occasions, and the tradition only lasted for a few centuries. Interpreted from the perspective of identity production and sociocultural networks, these graves and associated practices are defined as ‘symbolically overloaded’, with buried bodies and activities intended to be seen.
Kokoelmat
- Avoin saatavuus [38840]