Simulation of lithium-ion coin cell using COMSOL Multiphysics

Abstract

Since the early 1980s, lithium batteries have been crucial in supplying us with energy for small, portable gadgets. The necessity to switch to renewable energy arises from the finite supply of fossil fuels and their rising demand. Unlike earlier technologies, lithium-ion batteries have a very high energy density, making them useful for energy storage. Recent developments have resulted in a decrease in battery costs as well as improvements in safety and cycling difficulties. Because lithium-ion batteries require little maintenance, their lifespan can be extended without the need for regular cycling.

Simulation of lithium-ion coin cell cathode performance is critical for the advancement of battery technology because to its multiple advantages in terms of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and complete analysis. Researchers may use simulations to evaluate and improve alternative cathode materials and configurations in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner, avoiding the lengthy and expensive physical prototype process. Furthermore, simulations provide predictive capabilities, allowing for the prediction of battery performance and deterioration under different situations, so leading to the creation of more durable and dependable batteries. This obviously help us optimize cathode designs by allowing them to make virtual alterations to enhance performance parameters. In such research mechanistic insights can be found into battery operations and degradation processes, which aid in risk mitigation and early detection of possible concerns. Modelling cathode performance is critical for the efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible progress of lithium-ion battery technology. This thesis aims to enhance the safety of LIBs and promote their widespread usage in diverse applications. The discharge curve of Li-ion batteries is influential to understanding their performance, capacity, voltage stability, and rate capabilities. It sheds light on differences in active material volume, energy, and power densities. Theoretically, thicker cathodes generally provide more capacity but may have a larger internal resistance, lowering efficiency. On the other hand, thinner cathodes provide higher rate capability but may reduce overall capacity. Understanding these trade-offs allows for the optimization of cathode designs for specific performance needs in li-ion batteries, such as portable electronics or electric cars. Dissecting discharge curves helps designers make decisions that balance performance, efficiency, and lifespan. The physics and chemistry of the materials are described, along with a brief overview of the lithium-ion battery. Overall A comparison can be made between the theoretical and experimental results and the simulation model. This study is still ongoing, though, in order to construct other models for the coin cells using various materials.