Prompting AI Art: An Investigation into the Creative Skill of Prompt Engineering
Oppenlaender, Jonas; Linder, Rhema; Silvennoinen, Johanna (2024-11-28)
Taylor & Francis
28.11.2024
Oppenlaender, J., Linder, R., & Silvennoinen, J. (2024). Prompting AI Art: An Investigation into the Creative Skill of Prompt Engineering. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2431761.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202411296971
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202411296971
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Abstract
We are witnessing a novel era of creativity where anyone can create digital content via prompt-based learning (known as prompt engineering). This article investigates prompt engineering as a novel creative skill for creating AI art with text-to-image generation. In three consecutive studies, we explore whether crowdsourced participants can (1) discern prompt quality, (2) write prompts, and (3) refine prompts. We find that participants could evaluate prompt quality and crafted descriptive prompts, but they lacked style-specific vocabulary necessary for effective prompting. This is in line with our hypothesis that prompt engineering is a new type of skill that is non-intuitive and must first be acquired (e.g., through means of practice and learning) before it can be used at a level of high quality. Our studies deepen our understanding of prompt engineering and chart future research directions. We conclude by envisioning four potential futures for prompt engineering.
We are witnessing a novel era of creativity where anyone can create digital content via prompt-based learning (known as prompt engineering). This article investigates prompt engineering as a novel creative skill for creating AI art with text-to-image generation. In three consecutive studies, we explore whether crowdsourced participants can (1) discern prompt quality, (2) write prompts, and (3) refine prompts. We find that participants could evaluate prompt quality and crafted descriptive prompts, but they lacked style-specific vocabulary necessary for effective prompting. This is in line with our hypothesis that prompt engineering is a new type of skill that is non-intuitive and must first be acquired (e.g., through means of practice and learning) before it can be used at a level of high quality. Our studies deepen our understanding of prompt engineering and chart future research directions. We conclude by envisioning four potential futures for prompt engineering.
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