Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Among Patients Carrying the Protective HLA-DQB1*06:02 Allele
Taka, Antti-Mathias; Härkönen, Taina; Vähäsalo, Paula; Vatanen, Tommi; Lempainen, Johanna; Veijola, Riitta; Turtinen, Maaret; Ilonen, Jorma; Knip, Mikael; the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register (2024-11-20)
Wiley-Blackwell
20.11.2024
Taka, A.-M., Härkönen, T., Vähäsalo, P., Vatanen, T., Lempainen, J., Veijola, R., Turtinen, M., Ilonen, J., Knip, M. and (2024), Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Among Patients Carrying the Protective HLA-DQB1*06:02 Allele. HLA, 104: e15720. https://doi.org/10.1111/tan.15720
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2024 The Author(s). HLA: Immune Response Genetics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2024 The Author(s). HLA: Immune Response Genetics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202411216844
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202411216844
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
We set out to examine in an observational study characteristics of type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis among paediatric patients carrying the protective HLA class II DQB1*06:02 allele. We compared characteristics of type 1 diabetes among 5530 Finnish children aged 0–14 years diagnosed between 2003 and 2018. Seventy-five children with type 1 diabetes carried the DQB1*06:02 allele. The carriers of DQB1*06:02 allele were compared to all children with type 1 diabetes without this allele and those with a high-risk genotype. We also analysed, how does the genotype of a high-risk haplotype paired with DQB1*06:02 affect the phenotype of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Carriers of the DQB1*06:02 allele were diagnosed at an older age than those with any other HLA class II genotype (p = 0.003) or the high-risk genotype (p < 0.001). After adjusting the results for age and sex, no significant differences in clinical markers were observed. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) levels were higher among carriers of DQB1*06:02 when compared to those with other genotypes (p = 0.033). Having a high-risk haplotype paired with DQB1*06:02-positive haplotype was associated with higher levels of islet antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA-2A) (p < 0.001) and somewhat shorter duration of symptoms (p = 0.043). The association between the protective DQB1*06:02 allele and an older age at diagnosis as well as higher levels of GADA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was confirmed. The effects of the DQB1*06:02-positive haplotype seem to dominate when paired with a high-risk haplotype.
We set out to examine in an observational study characteristics of type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis among paediatric patients carrying the protective HLA class II DQB1*06:02 allele. We compared characteristics of type 1 diabetes among 5530 Finnish children aged 0–14 years diagnosed between 2003 and 2018. Seventy-five children with type 1 diabetes carried the DQB1*06:02 allele. The carriers of DQB1*06:02 allele were compared to all children with type 1 diabetes without this allele and those with a high-risk genotype. We also analysed, how does the genotype of a high-risk haplotype paired with DQB1*06:02 affect the phenotype of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Carriers of the DQB1*06:02 allele were diagnosed at an older age than those with any other HLA class II genotype (p = 0.003) or the high-risk genotype (p < 0.001). After adjusting the results for age and sex, no significant differences in clinical markers were observed. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) levels were higher among carriers of DQB1*06:02 when compared to those with other genotypes (p = 0.033). Having a high-risk haplotype paired with DQB1*06:02-positive haplotype was associated with higher levels of islet antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA-2A) (p < 0.001) and somewhat shorter duration of symptoms (p = 0.043). The association between the protective DQB1*06:02 allele and an older age at diagnosis as well as higher levels of GADA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was confirmed. The effects of the DQB1*06:02-positive haplotype seem to dominate when paired with a high-risk haplotype.
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