Carbon Nitride-Supported Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and the Development of Disposable Sensors
Saha, Chandan; Ghosh, Sarit K.; Kumari, Pooja; Perla, Venkata K.; Singh, Harishchandra; Mallick, Kaushik (2024-09-24)
Wiley-VCH Verlag
24.09.2024
C. Saha, S. K Ghosh, P. Kumari, V. K Perla, H. Singh, K. Mallick, Electroanalysis 2025, 37, e202400236. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202400236
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
© 2024 The Author(s). Electroanalysis published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
© 2024 The Author(s). Electroanalysis published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202411156754
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202411156754
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
The carbon nitride-supported zinc oxide (CNZO) nanocomposite was synthesized through a high-temperature synthesis method, resulting in zinc oxide nanoparticles with an average size of ~44 nm, dispersed on a carbon nitride matrix. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite phase of zinc oxide, with a space group of P63mc. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared analysis further verified the presence of both zinc oxide and carbon nitride. The CNZO nanocomposite served as a catalyst for the electrochemical detection of dopamine, achieving limit of detection and sensitivity of 2.66 μM and 6.23 μA μM−1 cm−2 respectively, using square wave voltammetry technique. Cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrated excellent electroactivity of the CNZO nanocomposite in a neutral pH environment. An electrochemical paper-based analytical device (EPAD) was designed and successfully employed for the electrochemical analysis of dopamine in pharmaceutical samples using CNZO nanocomposites. Additionally, CNZO was used as an active material in the development of a disposable dopamine sensor based on an extended gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET). This sensor exhibited a sensitivity and limit of detection 18.22 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 0.36 μM, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99.
The carbon nitride-supported zinc oxide (CNZO) nanocomposite was synthesized through a high-temperature synthesis method, resulting in zinc oxide nanoparticles with an average size of ~44 nm, dispersed on a carbon nitride matrix. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite phase of zinc oxide, with a space group of P63mc. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared analysis further verified the presence of both zinc oxide and carbon nitride. The CNZO nanocomposite served as a catalyst for the electrochemical detection of dopamine, achieving limit of detection and sensitivity of 2.66 μM and 6.23 μA μM−1 cm−2 respectively, using square wave voltammetry technique. Cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrated excellent electroactivity of the CNZO nanocomposite in a neutral pH environment. An electrochemical paper-based analytical device (EPAD) was designed and successfully employed for the electrochemical analysis of dopamine in pharmaceutical samples using CNZO nanocomposites. Additionally, CNZO was used as an active material in the development of a disposable dopamine sensor based on an extended gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET). This sensor exhibited a sensitivity and limit of detection 18.22 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 0.36 μM, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99.
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