Factors associated with nonword repetition skills in 4-to 6-year-old deaf and hard-of-hearing and typically hearing children
Kunnari, Sari; Välimaa, Taina; Tuohimaa, Krista; Hautala, Johanna; Tolonen, Anna-Kaisa; Rimmanen, Satu; Tennilä, Tanja; Tsupari, Teija; Vikman, Sari; Virokannas, Nonna; Aarnisalo, Antti A; Dietz, Aarno; Hyvärinen, Antti; Laitakari, Jaakko; Mykkänen, Sari; Salonen, Jaakko; Sivonen, Ville; Löppönen, Heikki (2024-08-21)
Taylor & Francis
21.08.2024
Kunnari, S., Välimaa, T., Tuohimaa, K., Hautala, J., Tolonen, A. K., Rimmanen, S., … Löppönen, H. (2024). Factors associated with nonword repetition skills in 4-to 6-year-old deaf and hard-of-hearing and typically hearing children. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2024.2390502
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
This is an Accepted Manuscript version of the following article, accepted for publication in Clinical linguistics and phonetics. It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
This is an Accepted Manuscript version of the following article, accepted for publication in Clinical linguistics and phonetics. It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202409035696
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202409035696
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Children identified as deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) exhibit an increased risk of speech and language difficulties. Nonword repetition (NWR) is a potential tool for identifying language difficulties in children with limited experience with the target language. In this study, we explored associations between auditory, linguistic, demographic and cognitive factors and NWR performance in DHH children and their typically hearing (TH) peers. We also examined the effect of the group on NWR outcomes when different factors were statistically controlled for. Our study included 68 4- to 6-year-old children: 18 with bilateral hearing aids (BiHAs), 18 with bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) and 32 with TH. The participants completed the Finnish Nonword Repetition Test comprising 24 test items with varying syllable lengths. The assessment methods also included tests of phonological, lexical, language comprehension and sentence repetition skills, along with a measure of nonverbal intelligence. The results showed that none of the auditory, linguistic, demographic and cognitive factors examined in the present study were correlated with NWR performance in the BiHA group, while significant correlations between NWR skills and linguistic abilities were observed in the BiCI group. The DHH children showed extraordinary difficulties in NWR compared to their TH peers, and these group differences remained after controlling for linguistic and demographic variables. The NWR task may be a potential clinical tool for identifying DHH children at risk for poor language outcomes and in need of speech and language intervention.
Children identified as deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) exhibit an increased risk of speech and language difficulties. Nonword repetition (NWR) is a potential tool for identifying language difficulties in children with limited experience with the target language. In this study, we explored associations between auditory, linguistic, demographic and cognitive factors and NWR performance in DHH children and their typically hearing (TH) peers. We also examined the effect of the group on NWR outcomes when different factors were statistically controlled for. Our study included 68 4- to 6-year-old children: 18 with bilateral hearing aids (BiHAs), 18 with bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) and 32 with TH. The participants completed the Finnish Nonword Repetition Test comprising 24 test items with varying syllable lengths. The assessment methods also included tests of phonological, lexical, language comprehension and sentence repetition skills, along with a measure of nonverbal intelligence. The results showed that none of the auditory, linguistic, demographic and cognitive factors examined in the present study were correlated with NWR performance in the BiHA group, while significant correlations between NWR skills and linguistic abilities were observed in the BiCI group. The DHH children showed extraordinary difficulties in NWR compared to their TH peers, and these group differences remained after controlling for linguistic and demographic variables. The NWR task may be a potential clinical tool for identifying DHH children at risk for poor language outcomes and in need of speech and language intervention.
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