Exploring uncommon Fe-oxides in non-metallic inclusions in ultra-high-strength steel
Rani, Ekta; Gupta, Vandna K.; Gyakwaa, Francis; Kharbach, Mourad; Singh, Harishchandra; Alatarvas, Tuomas; Martinelli, Anna; Fabritius, Timo; Huttula, Marko (2024-06-26)
Elsevier
26.06.2024
Rani, E., Gupta, V. K., Gyakwaa, F., Kharbach, M., Singh, H., Alatarvas, T., Martinelli, A., Fabritius, T., & Huttula, M. (2024). Exploring uncommon Fe-oxides in non-metallic inclusions in ultra-high-strength steel. Results in Materials, 23, 100598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100598
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202407035116
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202407035116
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Investigating non-metallic inclusions within ultra-high-strength-steel via conventional methods is a known: however, the challenge is to obtain chemical information of such inclusions at the sub-micrometer level. In this context, probing Fe-based oxide in inclusions is a vital aspect for guiding steel’ performance. The vibrational properties of sub micrometer size Fe-based oxides were investigated by Raman mapping along with chemometric analysis with the aim of probing their chemical composition. Highly contrasted Raman spectra were recorded from several inclusions embedded at different spatial locations. The observed spectral features were identified as specific markers of hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). Principal Component Analysis was used to confirm the presence of these markers and potentially revealing additional patterns. Their unambiguous assignment has been inferred by comparing our experimental findings with the literature data recorded either in single crystals of iron oxides or oxyhydroxides. Micro-Raman spectroscopy is proven to be a reliable, cost-effective, and non-invasive tool for the unambiguous identification of subsurface regions of steel.
Investigating non-metallic inclusions within ultra-high-strength-steel via conventional methods is a known: however, the challenge is to obtain chemical information of such inclusions at the sub-micrometer level. In this context, probing Fe-based oxide in inclusions is a vital aspect for guiding steel’ performance. The vibrational properties of sub micrometer size Fe-based oxides were investigated by Raman mapping along with chemometric analysis with the aim of probing their chemical composition. Highly contrasted Raman spectra were recorded from several inclusions embedded at different spatial locations. The observed spectral features were identified as specific markers of hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). Principal Component Analysis was used to confirm the presence of these markers and potentially revealing additional patterns. Their unambiguous assignment has been inferred by comparing our experimental findings with the literature data recorded either in single crystals of iron oxides or oxyhydroxides. Micro-Raman spectroscopy is proven to be a reliable, cost-effective, and non-invasive tool for the unambiguous identification of subsurface regions of steel.
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