Study on monitoring breathing and heart rates with mm-wave frequency radar for vehicular environment
Eleonye, Theresa (2024-06-28)
Eleonye, Theresa
T. Eleonye
28.06.2024
© 2024 Theresa Eleonye. Ellei toisin mainita, uudelleenkäyttö on sallittu Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) -lisenssillä (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Uudelleenkäyttö on sallittua edellyttäen, että lähde mainitaan asianmukaisesti ja mahdolliset muutokset merkitään. Sellaisten osien käyttö tai jäljentäminen, jotka eivät ole tekijän tai tekijöiden omaisuutta, saattaa edellyttää lupaa suoraan asianomaisilta oikeudenhaltijoilta.
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202406285032
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202406285032
Tiivistelmä
The physiological parameters of breathing rate and heart rate have been used for vital signs monitoring of the health status of the human subject for the purpose of wellness. As a result, many sensors have been invented and commercialized for the vital signs monitoring. However, the majority of these sensors are contact based or on-body wearable sensors that are best deplored in controlled clinical environments such as hospitals or home care for self-monitoring. These contact based sensors are not suitable for real-life driving situations as they cause distractions to the driver due to discomfort and they encroach on the driver’s privacy. These inherent limitations in contact based sensors have led to the surge in alternative non-contact or contact-less based sensors of which the radar-based sensors have achieved some level of success with respect to vital signs monitoring of human subject in a vehicle.
The objective of this work is to compare the breathing rate and heart rate measurements from the millimeter wave radar-based sensor (Texas Instruments 77 GHz AWR1642Boost TI-mm wave sensor) used in vehicular environment to the reference device (Zephyr Technologies BioHarnessTM 3.0), investigate the impact of radar’s location and azimuthal orientation on the measured vital signs from human subjects situated in an approximating vehicular environment and comparing the results in different gender. The datasets of 5 volunteers (3 males, 2 females) captured from 24 measurement scenarios were pre-processed with bandpass filter of 0.1 to 0.6 Hz and 0.8 to 4.0 Hz respectively. The spectral evaluation of the filtered signal using the peak interval and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) were used for the vital signs estimation of volunteers. The statistical analysis of the datasets showed weak correlation between the radar-based sensor and the reference device with the p ≤ 0.05 occurring in the breathing signal only. The Bland Altman plots showed that the radar device overestimated the breathing and heart rates by -5.75 bpm and -7.23 bpm respectively from the reference device due to the presence of outliers. However, the confidence intervals with respect to the zero bias equivalence line validates the interchangeability and good measurement precision of the radar device with the reference device. The vital signs results of all volunteers were comparable within the normal range of 40 to 120 bpm and 5 to 35 bpm for the heart and breathing rates respectively. The range of tilt angles 0o to 45o of the radar-based sensor impacted positively on the accuracy of measured physiological parameters via increase of signal to noise ratio and the highest signal quality is detected at the tilt angle of 30o.
The objective of this work is to compare the breathing rate and heart rate measurements from the millimeter wave radar-based sensor (Texas Instruments 77 GHz AWR1642Boost TI-mm wave sensor) used in vehicular environment to the reference device (Zephyr Technologies BioHarnessTM 3.0), investigate the impact of radar’s location and azimuthal orientation on the measured vital signs from human subjects situated in an approximating vehicular environment and comparing the results in different gender. The datasets of 5 volunteers (3 males, 2 females) captured from 24 measurement scenarios were pre-processed with bandpass filter of 0.1 to 0.6 Hz and 0.8 to 4.0 Hz respectively. The spectral evaluation of the filtered signal using the peak interval and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) were used for the vital signs estimation of volunteers. The statistical analysis of the datasets showed weak correlation between the radar-based sensor and the reference device with the p ≤ 0.05 occurring in the breathing signal only. The Bland Altman plots showed that the radar device overestimated the breathing and heart rates by -5.75 bpm and -7.23 bpm respectively from the reference device due to the presence of outliers. However, the confidence intervals with respect to the zero bias equivalence line validates the interchangeability and good measurement precision of the radar device with the reference device. The vital signs results of all volunteers were comparable within the normal range of 40 to 120 bpm and 5 to 35 bpm for the heart and breathing rates respectively. The range of tilt angles 0o to 45o of the radar-based sensor impacted positively on the accuracy of measured physiological parameters via increase of signal to noise ratio and the highest signal quality is detected at the tilt angle of 30o.
Kokoelmat
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