Valorization of industrial siliceous wastes in the production of geopolymers binders
El Harouachi, Hanane; Loutou, Mohamed; Izanzar, Ilyasse; Bayoussef, Ayoub; Moukannaa, Samira; Maliki, Soundouss; El Azizi, Amine; Mansori, Mohammed; Hakkou, Rachid; Elgettafi, Mohammed (2023-04-04)
Taylor & Francis
04.04.2023
El Harouachi, H., Loutou, M., Izanzar, I., Bayoussef, A., Moukannaa, S., Maliki, S., … Elgettafi, M. (2023). Valorization of industrial siliceous wastes in the production of geopolymers binders. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 27(16), 4688–4710. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2023.2195893
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
© 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Accepted Manuscript version of the following article, accepted for publication in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. El Harouachi, H., Loutou, M., Izanzar, I., Bayoussef, A., Moukannaa, S., Maliki, S., … Elgettafi, M. (2023). Valorization of industrial siliceous wastes in the production of geopolymers binders. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 27(16), 4688–4710. It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
© 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Accepted Manuscript version of the following article, accepted for publication in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. El Harouachi, H., Loutou, M., Izanzar, I., Bayoussef, A., Moukannaa, S., Maliki, S., … Elgettafi, M. (2023). Valorization of industrial siliceous wastes in the production of geopolymers binders. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 27(16), 4688–4710. It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202406114391
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202406114391
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
To develop a practical alternative to classic cement materials, alkali-activated materials were manufactured from industrial wastes (fly and bottom ash). Microstructural behavior of these blends was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and surface response methodology. Natrolite, phillipsite, and calcium aluminum silicate hydrate and sodium carbonate newly formed after alkali activation. Empirical ternary diagrams as well as modeling equations were united to predict the physico-mechanical evolution of the prepared specimens. The used model described well the evolution of the studied properties against the processing factors; temperature, NaOH concentration and curing time. The weight of the effect of each parameter was estimated and factor to factor interaction was considered. NaOH concentrations and ageing temperature had a considerable positive effect on density and mechanical strength, respectively. Water absorption and electrical conductivity were influenced differently by the factors, the electrical conductivity increases as the NaOH concentrations increase, and time and temperature decrease. The response surfaces and their results were correlated with the microstructure of the hardened samples. Overall, alkali activated binders with good engineering properties could be synthesized in the considered conditions. The optimal alkali activation conditions were ∼12 M and the corresponding final properties were as follows: 50 MPa for the compressive strength and 20% for water absorption while density was recorded at a 1.75 g/cm3 value.
To develop a practical alternative to classic cement materials, alkali-activated materials were manufactured from industrial wastes (fly and bottom ash). Microstructural behavior of these blends was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and surface response methodology. Natrolite, phillipsite, and calcium aluminum silicate hydrate and sodium carbonate newly formed after alkali activation. Empirical ternary diagrams as well as modeling equations were united to predict the physico-mechanical evolution of the prepared specimens. The used model described well the evolution of the studied properties against the processing factors; temperature, NaOH concentration and curing time. The weight of the effect of each parameter was estimated and factor to factor interaction was considered. NaOH concentrations and ageing temperature had a considerable positive effect on density and mechanical strength, respectively. Water absorption and electrical conductivity were influenced differently by the factors, the electrical conductivity increases as the NaOH concentrations increase, and time and temperature decrease. The response surfaces and their results were correlated with the microstructure of the hardened samples. Overall, alkali activated binders with good engineering properties could be synthesized in the considered conditions. The optimal alkali activation conditions were ∼12 M and the corresponding final properties were as follows: 50 MPa for the compressive strength and 20% for water absorption while density was recorded at a 1.75 g/cm3 value.
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