Flexible carbon capture in Nordic environment

Abstract

The escalating levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel emissions demand urgent climate action. Carbon capture (CC) stands as a critical technology for mitigating climate change impacts. This thesis conducts a comprehensive literature review focusing on flexible CC possibilities in the Nordic context.

The study explores various carbon capture technologies, emphasizing their potential for flexibility in application. Absorption, adsorption, membrane, chemical looping, and cryogenic methods are examined, elucidating their mechanisms, energy requirements, and suitability.

Flexible CC facilities can be used as dynamic solutions for balancing energy supply and demand, particularly in regions with fluctuating needs like the Nordics. Integration of post- combustion carbon capture units into power plants emerges as an adaptable approach, allowing for independent installation and improved profitability.

Moreover, the research investigates the implications of flexible CC on CO2 emissions reduction and grid stability, particularly during peak demand periods. By leveraging excess clean energy during low-demand periods, flexible CC facilities can effectively capture CO2, contributing to climate change mitigation efforts.

Challenges such as high initial investment costs, regulatory barriers, and scalability issues persist. The study underscores the need for further research into the economics, utilization, transportation, and scalability of CC projects to realize their full potential in combating climate change.