Predicting Adherence to Behavior Change Support Systems Using Machine Learning: Systematic Review
Ekpezu, Akon Obu; Wiafe, Isaac; Oinas-Kukkonen, Harri (2023-11-22)
Ekpezu, Akon Obu
Wiafe, Isaac
Oinas-Kukkonen, Harri
JMIR Publications
22.11.2023
Ekpezu, A. O., Wiafe, I., & Oinas-Kukkonen, H. (2023). Predicting adherence to behavior change support systems using machine learning: Systematic review. JMIR AI, 2, e46779. https://doi.org/10.2196/46779
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Akon Obu Ekpezu, Isaac Wiafe, Harri Oinas-Kukkonen. Originally published in JMIR AI (https://ai.jmir.org), 22.11.2023. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR AI, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.ai.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Akon Obu Ekpezu, Isaac Wiafe, Harri Oinas-Kukkonen. Originally published in JMIR AI (https://ai.jmir.org), 22.11.2023. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR AI, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.ai.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202401041060
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202401041060
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Background:
There is a dearth of knowledge on reliable adherence prediction measures in behavior change support systems (BCSSs). Existing reviews have predominately focused on self-reporting measures of adherence. These measures are susceptible to overestimation or underestimation of adherence behavior.
Objective:
This systematic review seeks to identify and summarize trends in the use of machine learning approaches to predict adherence to BCSSs.
Methods:
Systematic literature searches were conducted in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases between January 2011 and August 2022. The initial search retrieved 2182 journal papers, but only 11 of these papers were eligible for this review.
Results:
A total of 4 categories of adherence problems in BCSSs were identified: adherence to digital cognitive and behavioral interventions, medication adherence, physical activity adherence, and diet adherence. The use of machine learning techniques for real-time adherence prediction in BCSSs is gaining research attention. A total of 13 unique supervised learning techniques were identified and the majority of them were traditional machine learning techniques (eg, support vector machine). Long short-term memory, multilayer perception, and ensemble learning are currently the only advanced learning techniques. Despite the heterogeneity in the feature selection approaches, most prediction models achieved good classification accuracies. This indicates that the features or predictors used were a good representation of the adherence problem.
Conclusions:
Using machine learning algorithms to predict the adherence behavior of a BCSS user can facilitate the reinforcement of adherence behavior. This can be achieved by developing intelligent BCSSs that can provide users with more personalized, tailored, and timely suggestions.
Background:
There is a dearth of knowledge on reliable adherence prediction measures in behavior change support systems (BCSSs). Existing reviews have predominately focused on self-reporting measures of adherence. These measures are susceptible to overestimation or underestimation of adherence behavior.
Objective:
This systematic review seeks to identify and summarize trends in the use of machine learning approaches to predict adherence to BCSSs.
Methods:
Systematic literature searches were conducted in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases between January 2011 and August 2022. The initial search retrieved 2182 journal papers, but only 11 of these papers were eligible for this review.
Results:
A total of 4 categories of adherence problems in BCSSs were identified: adherence to digital cognitive and behavioral interventions, medication adherence, physical activity adherence, and diet adherence. The use of machine learning techniques for real-time adherence prediction in BCSSs is gaining research attention. A total of 13 unique supervised learning techniques were identified and the majority of them were traditional machine learning techniques (eg, support vector machine). Long short-term memory, multilayer perception, and ensemble learning are currently the only advanced learning techniques. Despite the heterogeneity in the feature selection approaches, most prediction models achieved good classification accuracies. This indicates that the features or predictors used were a good representation of the adherence problem.
Conclusions:
Using machine learning algorithms to predict the adherence behavior of a BCSS user can facilitate the reinforcement of adherence behavior. This can be achieved by developing intelligent BCSSs that can provide users with more personalized, tailored, and timely suggestions.
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