Glyphosate and a glyphosate-based herbicide affect bumblebee gut microbiota
Helander, Marjo; Jeevannavar, Aditya; Kaakinen, Kimmo; Mathew, Suni A.; Saikkonen, Kari; Fuchs, Benjamin; Puigbò, Pere; Loukola, Olli J.; Tamminen, Manu (2023-06-14)
Marjo Helander, Aditya Jeevannavar, Kimmo Kaakinen, Suni A Mathew, Kari Saikkonen, Benjamin Fuchs, Pere Puigbò, Olli J Loukola, Manu Tamminen, Glyphosate and a glyphosate-based herbicide affect bumblebee gut microbiota, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Volume 99, Issue 7, July 2023, fiad065, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiad065
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20230908121834
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Pollinator decline is one of the gravest challenges facing the world today, and the overuse of pesticides may be among its causes. Here, we studied whether glyphosate, the world’s most widely used pesticide, affects the bumblebee gut microbiota. We exposed the bumblebee diet to glyphosate and a glyphosate-based herbicide and quantified the microbiota community shifts using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Furthermore, we estimated the potential sensitivity of bee gut microbes to glyphosate based on previously reported presence of target enzyme. Glyphosate increased, whereas the glyphosate-based herbicide decreased gut microbiota diversity, indicating that negative effects are attributable to co-formulants. Both glyphosate and the glyphosate-based herbicide treatments significantly decreased the relative abundance of potentially glyphosate-sensitive bacterial species Snodgrasella alvi. However, the relative abundance of potentially glyphosate-sensitive Candidatus Schmidhempelia genera increased in bumblebees treated with glyphosate. Overall, 50% of the bacterial genera detected in the bee gut microbiota were classified as potentially resistant to glyphosate, while 36% were classified as sensitive. Healthy core microbiota have been shown to protect bees from parasite infections, change metabolism, and decrease mortality. Thus, the heavy use of glyphosate-based herbicides may have implications on bees and ecosystems.
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