Early-life factors as predictors of age-associated deficit accumulation across 17 years from midlife into old age
Haapanen, Markus J.; Jylhävä, Juulia; Kortelainen, Lauri; Mikkola, Tuija M.; Salonen, Minna; Wasenius, Niko S.; Kajantie, Eero; Eriksson, Johan G.; von Bonsdorff, Mikaela B. (2022-01-09)
Markus J Haapanen, MD, PhD, Juulia Jylhävä, PhD, Lauri Kortelainen, Tuija M Mikkola, PhD, Minna Salonen, PhD, Niko S Wasenius, PhD, Eero Kajantie, MD, PhD, Johan G Eriksson, MD, DMSc, Mikaela B von Bonsdorff, PhD, Early-Life Factors as Predictors of Age-Associated Deficit Accumulation Across 17 Years From Midlife Into Old Age, The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Volume 77, Issue 11, November 2022, Pages 2281–2287, https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac007
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2023050541399
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Background: Early-life exposures have been associated with the risk of frailty in old age. We investigated whether early-life exposures predict the level and rate of change in a frailty index (FI) from midlife into old age.
Methods: A linear mixed model analysis was performed using data from 3 measurement occasions over 17 years in participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (n = 2 000) aged 57–84 years. A 41-item FI was calculated on each occasion. Information on birth size, maternal body mass index (BMI), growth in infancy and childhood, childhood socioeconomic status (SES), and early-life stress (wartime separation from both parents) was obtained from registers and health care records.
Results: At age 57 years the mean FI level was 0.186 and the FI levels increased by 0.34%/year from midlife into old age. Larger body size at birth associated with a slower increase in FI levels from midlife into old age. Per 1 kg greater birth weight the increase in FI levels per year was −0.087 percentage points slower (95% confidence interval = −0.163, −0.011; p = 0.026). Higher maternal BMI was associated with a higher offspring FI level in midlife and a slower increase in FI levels into old age. Larger size, faster growth from infancy to childhood, and low SES in childhood were all associated with a lower FI level in midlife but not with its rate of change.
Conclusions: Early-life factors seem to contribute to disparities in frailty from midlife into old age. Early-life factors may identify groups that could benefit from frailty prevention, optimally initiated early in life.
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