Nasopharyngeal detection of atypical bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel in acutely ill children was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia
Mattila, Suvi; Sarlin, Suvi; Heikkilä, Reetta; Leinonen, Emilia; Nurmi, Violetta; Riikonen, Jonni; Paalanne, Niko; Honkila, Minna; Huhtamäki, Heikki; Pokka, Tytti; Koskela, Ulla; Renko, Marjo; Tapiainen, Terhi (2023-03-10)
Mattila, S, Sarlin, S, Heikkilä, R, Leinonen, E, Nurmi, V, Riikonen, J, et al. Nasopharyngeal detection of atypical bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel in acutely ill children was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. Acta Paediatr. 2023; 112: 830– 836. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16672
© 2023 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Mattila, S, Sarlin, S, Heikkilä, R, Leinonen, E, Nurmi, V, Riikonen, J, et al. Nasopharyngeal detection of atypical bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel in acutely ill children was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. Acta Paediatr. 2023; 112: 830– 836, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16672. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2023042739140
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to assess whether detection of respiratory bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing associates with clinical outcomes in acutely ill children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled children under the age of 18 with a suspected respiratory infection treated in a paediatric emergency department of Oulu University Hospital, Finland from January 2015 through December 2015. Nasopharyngeal samples were routinely analysed for 16 respiratory viruses and later, after storage, analysed with a multiplex PCR panel for seven respiratory bacteria.
Results: At least one bacterial pathogen was detected in 600 out of the 1195 children (50%). The mean age was 3.3 (SD 3.7) years and 54% were boys. Atypical bacteria were associated with a risk of pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 14.1, 95% CI 3.98–50.1). Co-detection of rhinovirus with Streptococcus pneumoniae was not associated with risk of pneumonia (aOR 2.39, 95% CI 0.78–7.30). Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae or both was not associated with the risk of hospital admission or prescription of antibiotics.
Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal detection of atypical bacteria in acutely ill children was associated with a markedly increased risk of pneumonia. The clinical utility of wide testing for other respiratory bacteria needs further evaluation.
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