A review of hybrid couplers : state-of-the-art, applications, design issues and challenges
Abdulbari, Ali Abdulateef; Abdul Rahim, Sharul Kamal; Soh, Ping Jack; Dahri, Muhammad Hashim; Eteng, Akaa Agbaeze; Zeain, Mohammed Yousif (2021-06-16)
Abdulbari, AA, Abdul Rahim, SK, Soh, PJ, Dahri, MH, Eteng, AA, Zeain, MY. A review of hybrid couplers: State-of-the-art, applications, design issues and challenges. Int J Numer Model. 2021; 34:e2919. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.2919
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Abdulbari, AA, Abdul Rahim, SK, Soh, PJ, Dahri, MH, Eteng, AA, Zeain, MY. A review of hybrid couplers: State-of-the-art, applications, design issues and challenges. Int J Numer Model. 2021; 34:e2919, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.2919. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022020818196
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Abstract
In recent years, the hybrid branch-line coupler has attracted much attention due to its appealing features such as of low cost and ease in fabrication for wireless communications. The fifth-generation cellular networks promise to support several wireless technologies by capitalizing a multitude of frequencies and increase data rates. To achieve that, the butler matrix technique can be used to enhance both bandwidth and data rate with the implementation of beamforming. Conventional hybrid couplers are the main component to build a butler matrix, but they are generally bulky in size and narrow in bandwidth. Moreover, requirements imposed by newer wireless technologies makes the efforts in improving size compactness and bandwidth even more challenging. On the other hand, several techniques have been proposed in literature to solve both issues. This study focuses on the design challenges and issues of hybrid coupler designs and technologies, besides underlining their promising potential. In this context, several techniques for hybrid coupler to achieve the required bandwidth and size reduction are highlighted, such as the T-shape, meander line, two sections, three-section, and parallel couple lines.
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