Risky emotional family environment in childhood and depression-related cytokines in adulthood : the protective role of compassion
Saarinen, Aino; Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa; Dobewall, Henrik; Ahola-Olli, Ari; Salmi, Marko; Lehtimäki, Terho; Raitakari, Olli; Jalkanen, Sirpa; Hintsanen, Mirka (2021-08-10)
Saarinen, A, Keltikangas-Järvinen, L, Dobewall, H, et al. Risky emotional family environment in childhood and depression-related cytokines in adulthood: The protective role of compassion. Dev Psychobiol. 2021; 63: 1190– 1201. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22070
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Saarinen, A, Keltikangas-Järvinen, L, Dobewall, H, et al. Risky emotional family environment in childhood and depression-related cytokines in adulthood: The protective role of compassion. Dev Psychobiol. 2021; 63: 1190– 1201, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22070. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022022821007
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Abstract
Background: Previously, compassion has been found to protect against depressive symptoms, while emotional adversities in childhood are suggested to increase inflammatory responses. The current study investigated (a) whether emotional family environment in childhood predicts levels of such cytokines in adulthood that are previously found to be elevated in depression (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-6, IL-1b, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) and (b) whether these associations are modified by compassion in adulthood.
Methods: The participants (N = 1,198–1,523) came from the prospective population-based Young Finns data. Emotional family environment and parental socioeconomic factors were evaluated in 1980; participants’ compassion in 2001; and participants’ cytokine levels and adulthood covariates in 2007.
Results: Risky emotional family environment in childhood predicted higher levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in adulthood. Additionally, there were significant interaction effects between compassion and emotional risk in childhood, when predicting IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Specifically, individuals who grew up in a risky emotional family environment had on average higher levels of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in adulthood when combined with low compassion.
Conclusions: In individuals coming from risky emotional family environments, high compassion for others may protect against elevated levels of cytokines previously linked with depression.
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