Transnational landscapes of Sámi reindeer : domestication and herding in northernmost Europe 700–1800 A.D.
Seitsonen, Oula; Viljanmaa, Sami (2021-02-15)
Oula Seitsonen & Sami Viljanmaa (2021) Transnational Landscapes of Sámi Reindeer: Domestication and Herding in Northernmost Europe 700–1800 A.D., Journal of Field Archaeology, 46:3, 172-191, DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2021.1881723
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021041910841
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
This paper presents the development of Sámi reindeer domestication and pastoralism in northwestern Sápmi, the homeland of the indigenous Sámi people, based on recent surveys in the Gilbbesjávri region, Finland. We have documented about 99 percent of known sites in the study area and present the first radiocarbon dates from herding sites in this part of Finnish Sápmi. Since Sápmi is transnational, archaeological data from the adjoining countries are included in the analyses. The features connected to the early use of domesticated reindeer appear by the 9th century A.D. in a mixed hunter-herder economy and suggest a tethered residential but dynamic logistical mobility. Major changes in site locations and features link with the initiation of nomadic pastoralism by the 15th century A.D., with a high residential mobility. The expansion of both early herding and mobile pastoralism appear to have been conscious, indigenous Sámi responses to wider socio-economic and environmental developments.
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