Posttraumatic epilepsy in intensive care unit–treated pediatric traumatic brain injury patients
Mikkonen, Era D.; Skrifvars, Markus B.; Reinikainen, Matti; Bendel, Stepani; Laitio, Ruut; Hoppu, Sanna; Ala‐Kokko, Tero; Karppinen, Atte; Raj, Rahul (2020-04-24)
Mikkonen, ED, Skrifvars, MB, Reinikainen, M, et al. Posttraumatic epilepsy in intensive care unit–treated pediatric traumatic brain injury patients. Epilepsia. 2020; 61: 693– 701. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16483
© 2020 The Authors. Epilepsia published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2020060941232
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Objective: Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a well‐described complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The majority of the available data regarding PTE stem from the adult population. Our aim was to identify the clinical and radiological risk factors associated with PTE in a pediatric TBI population treated in an intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods: We used the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium database to identify pediatric (<18 years) TBI patients treated in four academic university hospital ICUs in Finland between 2003 and 2013. Our primary outcome was the development of PTE, defined as the need for oral antiepileptic medication in patients alive at 6 months. We assessed the risk factors associated with PTE using multivariable logistic regression modeling.
Results: Of the 290 patients included in the study, 59 (20%) developed PTE. Median age was 15 years (interquartile range [IQR] 13‐17), and 80% had an admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤12. Major risk factors for developing PTE were age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00‐1.16), obliterated suprasellar cisterns (OR 6.53, 95% CI 1.95‐21.81), and an admission GCS score of 9‐12 in comparison to a GCS score of 13‐15 (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.24‐6.69).
Significance: We showed that PTE is a common long‐term complication after ICU‐treated pediatric TBI. Higher age, moderate injury severity, obliterated suprasellar cisterns, seizures during ICU stay, and surgical treatment are associated with an increased risk of PTE. Further studies are needed to identify strategies to decrease the risk of PTE.
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