Phonons and excitons in ZrSe₂-ZrS₂ alloys
Oliver, Sean M.; Fox, Joshua J.; Hashemi, Arsalan; Singh, Akshay; Cavalero, Randal L.; Yee, Sam; Snyder, David W.; Jaramillo, R.; Komsa, Hannu-Pekka; Vora, Patrick M. (2020-03-19)
Oliver, S. M., Fox, J. J., Hashemi, A., Singh, A., Cavalero, R. L., Yee, S., Snyder, D. W., Jaramillo, R., Komsa, H.-P., & Vora, P. M. (2020). Phonons and excitons in ZrSe2–ZrS2 alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 8(17), 5732–5743. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00731e
©The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020. The Definitive Version of Record can be found online at: https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00731e.
https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2020061543162
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Zirconium disulfide (ZrS2) and zirconium diselenide (ZrSe2) are promising materials for future optoelectronics due to indirect band gaps in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions. Alloying these materials to produce ZrSxSe2−x (x = 0…2) would provide continuous control over key optical and electronic parameters required for device engineering. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the phonons and excitons in ZrSxSe2−x using low-temperature Raman spectroscopy and room-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements. We extract the Raman-active vibrational mode frequencies and find that they compare favorably with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our simulations and polarization-resolved measurements demonstrate that substitutional doping renders infrared (IR) modes to be Raman-active. This leads to a Raman spectrum dominated by nominally IR phonons, a phenomenon that originates from the large ionicity of the ZrSxSe2−x bonds. SE measurements of the complex refractive index quantify the blue-shift of direct, allowed exciton transitions with increasing S content, and we find strong light–matter interactions with low optical loss in the NIR. Correlating these data with DFT allows for an estimation of the Γ-point exciton binding energy at room temperature. This study illustrates the large effects of alloying on ZrSxSe2−x and lays the foundation for future applications of this material.
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