High home blood pressure variability associates with exaggerated blood pressure response to cold stress
Hintsala, Heidi E; Kiviniemi, Antti M; Antikainen, Riitta; Mäntysaari, Matti; Jokelainen, Jari; Hassi, Juhani; Tulppo, Mikko P; Herzig, Karl-Heinz; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Rintamäki, Hannu; Jaakkola, Jouni J K; Ikäheimo, Tiina M (2019-06-30)
Heidi E Hintsala, Antti M Kiviniemi, Riitta Antikainen, Matti Mäntysaari, Jari Jokelainen, Juhani Hassi, Mikko P Tulppo, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Hannu Rintamäki, Jouni J K Jaakkola, Tiina M Ikäheimo, High Home Blood Pressure Variability Associates With Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response to Cold Stress, American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 32, Issue 6, June 2019, Pages 538–546, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz011
© American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2019. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in American Journal of Hypertension following peer review. The version of record Heidi E Hintsala, Antti M Kiviniemi, Riitta Antikainen, Matti Mäntysaari, Jari Jokelainen, Juhani Hassi, Mikko P Tulppo, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Hannu Rintamäki, Jouni J K Jaakkola, Tiina M Ikäheimo, High Home Blood Pressure Variability Associates With Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response to Cold Stress, American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 32, Issue 6, June 2019, Pages 538–546, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz011 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz011.
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2019070122406
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Abstract
Background: Exaggerated sympathetic cardiovascular (CV) reactivity to stress associates with elevated risk for clinical and preclinical end points of CV disease. It would be useful to identify these individuals, preferably from feasible measurements commonly used in health care. Our study examined the association between home blood pressure (BP) variability and cardiac workload response to whole-body cold exposure.
Methods: Seventy-five men (55–65 years, 46 hypertensive) measured BP at home twice in the morning and evening for a week. We computed systolic home BP variability as SD of daily means and divided the subjects into groups demonstrating either high or low BP variability. They were exposed to whole-body cold exposure (−10 °C, wind 3 m/second, 15 minutes, winter clothes, standing). BP and heart rate were measured at 3-minute intervals during, and 15 minutes before and after the exposure. Rate-pressure product (RPP) was calculated to represent cardiac workload.
Results: Subjects with high systolic home BP variability demonstrated a greater RPP increase in cold conditions compared to those with low BP variability [mean change from baseline (95% CI): 1,850 (1,450 to 2,250) bpm × mm Hg vs. 930 (610, 1,250) bpm × mm Hg, P < 0.01]. This was related to the augmented systolic BP change [31(28, 35) mm Hg vs. 23(20, 26) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. Home BP variability correlated with cold-related RPP (rS = 0.34, P = 0.003) and systolic BP (rS = 0.38, P < 0.001) responses.
Conclusions: Moderate whole-body cold exposure increased BP and cardiac workload more among those with higher systolic home BP variability, independently of home BP level. Elevated home BP variability may indicate augmented sympathetically mediated vascular reactivity for environmental stressors.
Public trials registry number: Trial Number NCT02007031.
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