Respiratory-related brain pulsations are increased in epilepsy : a two-centre functional MRI study
Kananen, Janne; Helakari, Heta; Korhonen, Vesa; Korhonen, Vesa; Huotari, Niko; Järvela, Matti; Raitamaa, Lauri; Raatikainen, Ville; Rajna, Zalan; Tuovinen, Timo; Nedergaard, Maiken; Jacobs, Julia; LeVan, Pierre; Ansakorpi, Hanna; Kiviniemi, Vesa (2020-06-08)
Janne Kananen, Heta Helakari, Vesa Korhonen, Niko Huotari, Matti Järvelä, Lauri Raitamaa, Ville Raatikainen, Zalan Rajna, Timo Tuovinen, Maiken Nedergaard, Julia Jacobs, Pierre LeVan, Hanna Ansakorpi, Vesa Kiviniemi, Respiratory-related brain pulsations are increased in epilepsy—a two-centre functional MRI study, Brain Communications, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2020, fcaa076, https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa076
VC The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2020120399198
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI has shown potential for detecting changes in cerebral blood oxygen level-dependent signal in patients with epilepsy, even in the absence of epileptiform activity. Furthermore, it has been suggested that coefficient of variation mapping of fast functional MRI signal may provide a powerful tool for the identification of intrinsic brain pulsations in neurological diseases such as dementia, stroke and epilepsy. In this study, we used fast functional MRI sequence (magnetic resonance encephalography) to acquire ten whole-brain images per second. We used the functional MRI data to compare physiological brain pulsations between healthy controls (n = 102) and patients with epilepsy (n = 33) and furthermore to drug-naive seizure patients (n = 9). Analyses were performed by calculating coefficient of variation and spectral power in full band and filtered sub-bands. Brain pulsations in the respiratory-related frequency sub-band (0.11–0.51 Hz) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in patients with epilepsy, with an increase in both signal variance and power. At the individual level, over 80% of medicated and drug-naive seizure patients exhibited areas of abnormal brain signal power that correlated well with the known clinical diagnosis, while none of the controls showed signs of abnormality with the same threshold. The differences were most apparent in the basal brain structures, respiratory centres of brain stem, midbrain and temporal lobes. Notably, full-band, very low frequency (0.01–0.1 Hz) and cardiovascular (0.8–1.76 Hz) brain pulses showed no differences between groups. This study extends and confirms our previous results of abnormal fast functional MRI signal variance in epilepsy patients. Only respiratory-related brain pulsations were clearly increased with no changes in either physiological cardiorespiratory rates or head motion between the subjects. The regional alterations in brain pulsations suggest that mechanisms driving the cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis may be altered in epilepsy. Magnetic resonance encephalography has both increased sensitivity and high specificity for detecting the increased brain pulsations, particularly in times when other tools for locating epileptogenic areas remain inconclusive.
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