New nitrogen-containing recycled fertilizers : bioavailability of nutrients and harmful elements
Pesonen, Janne; Rautio, Pasi (2019-04-12)
Pesonen, J.; Rautio, P. New Nitrogen-Containing Recycled Fertilizers: Bioavailability of Nutrients and Harmful Elements. Recycling 2019, 4, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4020017
© 2019 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2019061921357
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Environmental policies of the European Union aim to increase recycling and re-use of waste-streams. One of the economically most profitable ways of re-using waste is to use it as a fertilizer. In this study, recycled nitrogen fertilizers were manufactured from industrial side-streams (sawdust, fly-ash, ammonium sulfate and lignosulfonate). A sequential extraction procedure was applied to all the products tested in this paper to make sure that the environmental requirements of a recycled fertilizer would be fulfilled. A mass fraction of up to 7.0% of nitrogen was achieved with sawdust granule and 7.2% with fly-ash-sawdust granule, indicating that the granules would be well suited to be used as nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Nitrogen release from sawdust granule was more controlled than from commercial salpetre. Sawdust combined with fly-ash can hence give a balanced nutrient mix when used together. Bioavailabilities and pseudo-total contents of harmful elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were small in all granules and cause no harm in field or forest fertilizer use.
Kokoelmat
- Avoin saatavuus [34164]
