Applicability of time-gated Raman spectroscopy in the characterisation of calcium-aluminate inclusions
Gyakwaa, Francis; Aula, Matti; Alatarvas, Tuomas; Vuolio, Tero; Huttula, Marko; Fabritius, Timo (2019-10-15)
Francis Gyakwaa, Matti Aula, Tuomas Alatarvas, Tero Vuolio, Marko Huttula, Timo Fabritius, Applicability of Time-Gated Raman Spectroscopy in the Characterisation of Calcium-Aluminate Inclusions, ISIJ International, 2019, Volume 59, Issue 10, Pages 1846-1852, Released October 17, 2019, [Advance publication] Released July 23, 2019, Online ISSN 1347-5460, Print ISSN 0915-1559, https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2019-122
© 2019 by The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. Published in this repository with the kind permission of the publisher.
https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2019121648327
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Calcium aluminate (CaO–Al₂O₃) phases play a critical role in the study of non-metallic inclusions in aluminium killed, and calcium treated steels. In this study, the Raman spectroscopy technique, a versatile and non-destructive approach, was used to characterise binary calcium aluminate phases qualitatively and quantitatively. Calcium aluminate samples with varying CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios were synthesised to produce a binary phase samples mixture of C12A7–C3A and C12A7–CA. Quantitative estimation was based on plotting a linear regression calibration model between the ratio of Raman band intensities and the phase fraction in the samples. With the linear regression, the phase fraction of C12A7–C3A and C12A7–CA was estimated with average absolute errors of 2.97 and 2.55 percentage points. This work demonstrates the potential suitability of using Raman spectroscopy technique for evaluating whether calcium aluminate phases in oxide inclusions fall within the liquidus region at steelmaking temperatures.
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