Cationization of lignocellulosic fibers with betaine in deep eutectic solvent : facile route to charge stabilized cellulose and wood nanofibers
Sirviö, Juho Antti (2018-06-13)
Juho Antti Sirviö, Cationization of lignocellulosic fibers with betaine in deep eutectic solvent: Facile route to charge stabilized cellulose and wood nanofibers, Carbohydrate Polymers, Volume 198, 15 October 2018, Pages 34-40, ISSN 0144-8617, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.051
© 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2018062626490
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES [based on triethylmethylammonium chloride (TEMA) and imidazole]) was used as a reaction medium for cationization of cellulose fibers with trimethylglycine (betaine) hydrochloride in the presence of p-Toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) chloride. Cellulose betaine ester with a cationic charge up to 1.95 mmol/g was obtained at mild reaction conditions (four hours at 80 °C). The reaction was further demonstrated in the fabrication of cationic cellulose nanofibers (CCNFs) by a mild mechanical disintegration of cationized cellulose. In addition to CCNFs, cationic wood nanofibers (CWNFs) were produced directly from groundwood pulp (GWP) with a high lignin content (27 w%). Individualized CCNFs and CWNFs had a fiber diameter of 4.7 ± 2.0 and 3.6 ± 1.3 nm, respectively, whereas some larger fiber aggregates (diameter below 200 nm) were also observed, especially in the case of CWNFs.
Kokoelmat
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