A mathematical model for the thermal state of a steel ladle
Mäkelä, Ilpo (2022-01-12)
I. Mäkelä
12.01.2022
© 2022 Ilpo Mäkelä. Ellei toisin mainita, uudelleenkäyttö on sallittu Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) -lisenssillä (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Uudelleenkäyttö on sallittua edellyttäen, että lähde mainitaan asianmukaisesti ja mahdolliset muutokset merkitään. Sellaisten osien käyttö tai jäljentäminen, jotka eivät ole tekijän tai tekijöiden omaisuutta, saattaa edellyttää lupaa suoraan asianomaisilta oikeudenhaltijoilta.
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202201121028
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202201121028
Tiivistelmä
The aim of this thesis was to form a dynamic one-dimensional mathematical model for the thermal state of a steelmaking ladle. The model is to be used as a design tool, and to predict the melt temperature drop after tapping.
The ladle thermal state model is based on the conservation of energy. In this thesis, the key energy transfer mechanisms, and routes are covered. The ladle gets its energy from the melt, preheating and processes. Energy is lost from the ladle surfaces through radiation and convection. The model was formed using Python programming language, and has three calculation modes: empty ladle, filled ladle and ladle in heating. The calculation is performed using the implicit Euler method.
During this thesis, a measurement campaign was conducted at Outokumpu Tornio melt shop 2. During the campaign, the mantles of multiple steel ladles were imaged using a thermal camera. These images could then be used to measure the mantle temperature drop during teeming.
The formed model was capable of recognizing the mantle temperature drop, however the predicted time of this change was incorrect. Ways to improve the current model are covered in this work. The model can with relative ease be used for ladles of different sizes and materials.
The ladle thermal state model is based on the conservation of energy. In this thesis, the key energy transfer mechanisms, and routes are covered. The ladle gets its energy from the melt, preheating and processes. Energy is lost from the ladle surfaces through radiation and convection. The model was formed using Python programming language, and has three calculation modes: empty ladle, filled ladle and ladle in heating. The calculation is performed using the implicit Euler method.
During this thesis, a measurement campaign was conducted at Outokumpu Tornio melt shop 2. During the campaign, the mantles of multiple steel ladles were imaged using a thermal camera. These images could then be used to measure the mantle temperature drop during teeming.
The formed model was capable of recognizing the mantle temperature drop, however the predicted time of this change was incorrect. Ways to improve the current model are covered in this work. The model can with relative ease be used for ladles of different sizes and materials.
Kokoelmat
- Avoin saatavuus [37744]
Ellei muuten mainita, aineiston lisenssi on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/